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- BOOKS, Page 83Unquiet Grave
-
-
- THE POLK CONSPIRACY by Kati Marton Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 371
- pages; $22.95
-
-
- In the spring of 1948, the body of CBS correspondent George
- Polk washed up in Salonika bay, his hands and feet bound with
- rope, a bullet hole in the back of his head. The Greek
- pathologist who conducted the autopsy on the 34-year-old
- journalist found 3 lbs. of undigested lobster in his stomach.
-
- The condemned man had eaten a hearty meal, perhaps even two.
- But who picked up the check? And who took him on a one-way boat
- ride? For 42 years circumstantial evidence and plain common
- sense have pointed to agents of the ruling Greek Royalist Party,
- then conducting a civil war against communist guerrillas. The
- Polk Conspiracy supports this view. So why, after all these
- years, should one bother to read more about it? Because Kati
- Marton, in spinning a real-life thriller, brings fresh material
- and renewed outrage to one of the fascinating stories of the
- cold war. She also points the finger at a surprising cast of
- collaborators.
-
- Like his CBS boss Edward R. Murrow, Polk is a model for the
- American journalist as brooding idealist. Not satisfied with
- accepting government handouts, he tried to report the Greek
- civil war from behind the communist lines. Such enterprise
- disturbed the Royalists. Either they did not understand the role
- of an independent press or they understood it too well.
-
- Polk's dispatches about corruption and misrule had already
- embarrassed the Greek government. Within weeks of his planned
- return to the U.S., he confronted Foreign Minister Constantine
- Tsaldaris with evidence that in violation of his country's
- currency laws, he had transferred $25,000 to a personal bank
- account in New York City. The newsman then rashly promised he
- would broadcast the fact as soon as he got home.
-
- Royalists in general and Tsaldaris in particular had the
- motives to murder Polk. It is possible they did not kill him.
- But they did attempt to frame the communists. Ineptly and
- tirelessly, the descendants of Socrates neglected to ask
- fundamental questions. Why, for example, would the reds silence
- an American journalist who not only made their enemies squirm
- but could also be used to report their side of the war? Under
- increasing pressure, the police eventually provided a scapegoat.
- A confession was tortured out of him; he was found guilty of
- complicity in Polk's death and given a life sentence. He was
- released in 1961, five years after evidence emerged that the
- Polk case had been rigged.
-
- Doubt still obscures the affiliations of the man who
- actually pulled the trigger. But Marton's diligent research
- provides a convincing case against those who allowed the killers
- to go free and others who shared responsibility for covering up
- the truth.
-
- William ("Wild Bill") Donovan, head of the OSS, the World
- War II spy unit that evolved into the CIA, did a bang-up job of
- protecting the Greek government and U.S. interests while heading
- Washington's "investigation" of the Polk case. Columnist Walter
- Lippmann lent his authority to the official better-dead-than-red
- position as head of a committee of press pooh-bahs who shuffled
- aside contrary evidence and refused to cooperate with other U.S.
- reporters investigating the murder. Echoing biographer Ronald
- Steel's view, Marton concludes that "Lippmann the establishment
- grandee seems to have won out over Lippmann the journalist."
-
- Polk, by striking contrast, was a front-line reporter
- schooled by the Depression and World War II, which he saw from
- the cockpits of Navy warplanes. He shot down 11 Japanese
- aircraft, was gouged by shrapnel and bitten by malarial
- mosquitoes. He also developed a chip on his shoulder. Marton,
- a former Bonn bureau chief for ABC News, prefers facts to
- psychological speculation, although she does allow that Polk
- indulged "a dangerous streak of self-righteousness."
-
- Marton catches the recklessness and the rectitude just
- right. More important, she highlights that faded period when
- America was cutting its cloaks and sharpening its daggers for
- the cold war. Polk was among its first casualties. The truth,
- Marton persuades us, was a close second.
-
-
- By R.Z. Sheppard.
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-